diff --git a/runners/agent-runner/src/output-protocol.ts b/runners/agent-runner/src/output-protocol.ts
index faebaf3..f96819e 100644
--- a/runners/agent-runner/src/output-protocol.ts
+++ b/runners/agent-runner/src/output-protocol.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ import path from 'path';
 
 import {
   extractImageTagPaths,
+  imageTagCaption,
+  missingImageTagCaption,
   normalizeAgentOutput,
+  splitImageTagPromptParts,
   type RunnerStructuredOutput,
   writeProtocolOutput,
 } from 'ejclaw-runners-shared';
@@ -76,36 +79,55 @@ export function buildMultimodalContent(
   text: string,
   log: LogFn,
 ): StreamContent {
-  const { cleanText, imagePaths } = extractImageTagPaths(text);
+  const { imagePaths } = extractImageTagPaths(text);
   if (imagePaths.length === 0) return text;
 
   const blocks: ContentBlock[] = [];
-  if (cleanText) {
-    blocks.push({ type: 'text', text: cleanText });
-  }
+  const pushText = (value: string) => {
+    const trimmed = value.trim();
+    if (trimmed) blocks.push({ type: 'text', text: trimmed });
+  };
+
+  for (const part of splitImageTagPromptParts(text)) {
+    if (part.type === 'text') {
+      pushText(part.text);
+      continue;
+    }
 
-  for (const imgPath of imagePaths) {
     try {
-      if (!fs.existsSync(imgPath)) {
-        log(`Image not found, skipping: ${imgPath}`);
+      if (!fs.existsSync(part.path)) {
+        log(`Image not found, skipping: ${part.path}`);
+        pushText(missingImageTagCaption(part, 'file not found'));
         continue;
       }
-      const data = fs.readFileSync(imgPath).toString('base64');
-      const ext = path.extname(imgPath).toLowerCase();
-      const mediaType = (MIME_TYPES[ext] || 'image/png') as
+      const ext = path.extname(part.path).toLowerCase();
+      const mediaType = MIME_TYPES[ext] as
         | 'image/jpeg'
         | 'image/png'
         | 'image/gif'
-        | 'image/webp';
+        | 'image/webp'
+        | undefined;
+      if (!mediaType) {
+        log(`Unsupported image type, skipping: ${part.path}`);
+        pushText(
+          missingImageTagCaption(
+            part,
+            `unsupported image type ${ext || 'unknown'}`,
+          ),
+        );
+        continue;
+      }
+      const data = fs.readFileSync(part.path).toString('base64');
+      pushText(imageTagCaption(part));
       blocks.push({
         type: 'image',
         source: { type: 'base64', media_type: mediaType, data },
       });
-      log(`Added image block: ${imgPath} (${mediaType})`);
+      log(`Added image block: ${part.path} (${mediaType})`);
     } catch (err) {
-      log(
-        `Failed to read image ${imgPath}: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
-      );
+      const reason = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+      log(`Failed to read image ${part.path}: ${reason}`);
+      pushText(missingImageTagCaption(part, `read failed: ${reason}`));
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/runners/agent-runner/test/output-protocol.test.ts b/runners/agent-runner/test/output-protocol.test.ts
index 57a5485..aa33582 100644
--- a/runners/agent-runner/test/output-protocol.test.ts
+++ b/runners/agent-runner/test/output-protocol.test.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ describe('agent-runner multimodal prompts', () => {
     expect(Array.isArray(content)).toBe(true);
     expect(content).toEqual([
       { type: 'text', text: '리뷰 증거' },
+      {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: 'Image evidence: settings-v0.1.92-deployed-390.png',
+      },
       {
         type: 'image',
         source: {
@@ -46,4 +50,48 @@ describe('agent-runner multimodal prompts', () => {
     ]);
     expect(logs).toContain(`Added image block: ${imagePath} (image/png)`);
   });
+
+  it('keeps missing image evidence visible in Claude prompts', () => {
+    const missingPath = path.join(
+      os.tmpdir(),
+      'ejclaw-missing-image-evidence.png',
+    );
+    const logs: string[] = [];
+
+    const content = buildMultimodalContent(
+      `리뷰 증거\n[Image: expected-render.png → ${missingPath}]`,
+      (message) => logs.push(message),
+    );
+
+    expect(content).toEqual([
+      { type: 'text', text: '리뷰 증거' },
+      {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: `[Image unavailable: expected-render.png → ${missingPath} — file not found]`,
+      },
+    ]);
+    expect(logs).toContain(`Image not found, skipping: ${missingPath}`);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps unsupported image evidence visible instead of mislabeled', () => {
+    const dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ejclaw-bmp-image-'));
+    cleanupDirs.push(dir);
+    const imagePath = path.join(dir, 'settings.bmp');
+    fs.writeFileSync(imagePath, Buffer.from('BMunsupported'));
+    const logs: string[] = [];
+
+    const content = buildMultimodalContent(
+      `리뷰 증거\n[Image: settings.bmp → ${imagePath}]`,
+      (message) => logs.push(message),
+    );
+
+    expect(content).toEqual([
+      { type: 'text', text: '리뷰 증거' },
+      {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: `[Image unavailable: settings.bmp → ${imagePath} — unsupported image type .bmp]`,
+      },
+    ]);
+    expect(logs).toContain(`Unsupported image type, skipping: ${imagePath}`);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/runners/codex-runner/src/app-server-input.ts b/runners/codex-runner/src/app-server-input.ts
index 6646d00..aee6eb2 100644
--- a/runners/codex-runner/src/app-server-input.ts
+++ b/runners/codex-runner/src/app-server-input.ts
@@ -1,27 +1,64 @@
 import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
 
-import { extractImageTagPaths } from 'ejclaw-runners-shared';
+import {
+  extractImageTagPaths,
+  imageTagCaption,
+  missingImageTagCaption,
+  splitImageTagPromptParts,
+} from 'ejclaw-runners-shared';
 
 import type { AppServerInputItem } from './app-server-client.js';
 
+const SUPPORTED_LOCAL_IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = new Set([
+  '.jpg',
+  '.jpeg',
+  '.png',
+  '.gif',
+  '.webp',
+]);
+
 export function parseAppServerInput(
   text: string,
   log: (message: string) => void = () => undefined,
 ): AppServerInputItem[] {
-  const { cleanText, imagePaths } = extractImageTagPaths(text);
+  const { imagePaths } = extractImageTagPaths(text);
   const input: AppServerInputItem[] = [];
+  const pushText = (value: string) => {
+    const trimmed = value.trim();
+    if (trimmed) input.push({ type: 'text', text: trimmed });
+  };
 
-  if (cleanText) {
-    input.push({ type: 'text', text: cleanText });
-  }
+  if (imagePaths.length > 0) {
+    for (const part of splitImageTagPromptParts(text)) {
+      if (part.type === 'text') {
+        pushText(part.text);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!fs.existsSync(part.path)) {
+        log(`Image not found, skipping: ${part.path}`);
+        pushText(missingImageTagCaption(part, 'file not found'));
+        continue;
+      }
 
-  for (const imgPath of imagePaths) {
-    if (fs.existsSync(imgPath)) {
-      input.push({ type: 'localImage', path: imgPath });
-      log(`Adding image input: ${imgPath}`);
-    } else {
-      log(`Image not found, skipping: ${imgPath}`);
+      const ext = path.extname(part.path).toLowerCase();
+      if (!SUPPORTED_LOCAL_IMAGE_EXTENSIONS.has(ext)) {
+        log(`Unsupported image type, skipping: ${part.path}`);
+        pushText(
+          missingImageTagCaption(
+            part,
+            `unsupported image type ${ext || 'unknown'}`,
+          ),
+        );
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      pushText(imageTagCaption(part));
+      input.push({ type: 'localImage', path: part.path });
+      log(`Adding image input: ${part.path}`);
     }
+  } else if (text) {
+    input.push({ type: 'text', text });
   }
 
   if (input.length === 0) {
diff --git a/runners/codex-runner/test/app-server-input.test.ts b/runners/codex-runner/test/app-server-input.test.ts
index acca98a..b5434d7 100644
--- a/runners/codex-runner/test/app-server-input.test.ts
+++ b/runners/codex-runner/test/app-server-input.test.ts
@@ -34,8 +34,56 @@ describe('codex app-server input', () => {
 
     expect(input).toEqual([
       { type: 'text', text: '리뷰 증거' },
+      {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: 'Image evidence: settings-v0.1.92-deployed-390.png',
+      },
       { type: 'localImage', path: imagePath },
     ]);
     expect(logs).toContain(`Adding image input: ${imagePath}`);
   });
+
+  it('keeps missing image evidence visible in Codex prompts', () => {
+    const missingPath = path.join(
+      os.tmpdir(),
+      'ejclaw-missing-codex-image-evidence.png',
+    );
+    const logs: string[] = [];
+
+    const input = parseAppServerInput(
+      `리뷰 증거\n[Image: expected-render.png → ${missingPath}]`,
+      (message) => logs.push(message),
+    );
+
+    expect(input).toEqual([
+      { type: 'text', text: '리뷰 증거' },
+      {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: `[Image unavailable: expected-render.png → ${missingPath} — file not found]`,
+      },
+    ]);
+    expect(logs).toContain(`Image not found, skipping: ${missingPath}`);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps unsupported image evidence visible in Codex prompts', () => {
+    const dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'ejclaw-codex-bmp-'));
+    cleanupDirs.push(dir);
+    const imagePath = path.join(dir, 'settings.bmp');
+    fs.writeFileSync(imagePath, Buffer.from('BMunsupported'));
+    const logs: string[] = [];
+
+    const input = parseAppServerInput(
+      `리뷰 증거\n[Image: settings.bmp → ${imagePath}]`,
+      (message) => logs.push(message),
+    );
+
+    expect(input).toEqual([
+      { type: 'text', text: '리뷰 증거' },
+      {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: `[Image unavailable: settings.bmp → ${imagePath} — unsupported image type .bmp]`,
+      },
+    ]);
+    expect(logs).toContain(`Unsupported image type, skipping: ${imagePath}`);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/runners/shared/src/agent-protocol.ts b/runners/shared/src/agent-protocol.ts
index 0950f69..bb4bf8f 100644
--- a/runners/shared/src/agent-protocol.ts
+++ b/runners/shared/src/agent-protocol.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ export const OUTPUT_END_MARKER = '---EJCLAW_OUTPUT_END---';
 
 export const IMAGE_TAG_RE =
   /\[Image:\s*(?:(?:[^\]\n]*?)\s*→\s*)?(\/[^\]\n]+)\]/g;
+const IMAGE_TAG_SEGMENT_RE = /\[Image:\s*(?:(.*?)\s*→\s*)?(\/[^\]\n]+)\]/g;
 const IMAGE_EXT_RE = /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|webp|bmp)$/i;
 const MARKDOWN_ABSOLUTE_LINK_RE = /!?\[[^\]\n]*\]\((\/[^)\n]+)\)/g;
 const MEDIA_TAG_RE =
@@ -63,6 +64,10 @@ function cloneImageTagPattern(): RegExp {
   return new RegExp(IMAGE_TAG_RE.source, IMAGE_TAG_RE.flags);
 }
 
+function cloneImageTagSegmentPattern(): RegExp {
+  return new RegExp(IMAGE_TAG_SEGMENT_RE.source, IMAGE_TAG_SEGMENT_RE.flags);
+}
+
 export function writeProtocolOutput<T>(
   output: T,
   writeLine: (line: string) => void = console.log,
@@ -87,6 +92,51 @@ export function extractImageTagPaths(text: string): {
   };
 }
 
+export type ImageTagPromptPart =
+  | { type: 'text'; text: string }
+  | { type: 'image'; label: string | null; path: string; raw: string };
+
+export function splitImageTagPromptParts(text: string): ImageTagPromptPart[] {
+  const imagePattern = cloneImageTagSegmentPattern();
+  const parts: ImageTagPromptPart[] = [];
+  let cursor = 0;
+
+  for (const match of text.matchAll(imagePattern)) {
+    const start = match.index ?? 0;
+    if (start > cursor) {
+      parts.push({ type: 'text', text: text.slice(cursor, start) });
+    }
+
+    const raw = match[0];
+    const label = match[1]?.trim() || null;
+    const imagePath = match[2].trim();
+    parts.push({ type: 'image', label, path: imagePath, raw });
+    cursor = start + raw.length;
+  }
+
+  if (cursor < text.length) {
+    parts.push({ type: 'text', text: text.slice(cursor) });
+  }
+
+  return parts.length > 0 ? parts : [{ type: 'text', text }];
+}
+
+export function imageTagCaption(
+  part: Extract<ImageTagPromptPart, { type: 'image' }>,
+): string {
+  return part.label
+    ? `Image evidence: ${part.label}`
+    : `Image evidence: ${part.path}`;
+}
+
+export function missingImageTagCaption(
+  part: Extract<ImageTagPromptPart, { type: 'image' }>,
+  reason: string,
+): string {
+  const label = part.label ? `${part.label} → ` : '';
+  return `[Image unavailable: ${label}${part.path} — ${reason}]`;
+}
+
 function attachmentName(filePath: string): string | undefined {
   return filePath.split(/[\\/]/).at(-1) || undefined;
 }
diff --git a/runners/shared/src/index.ts b/runners/shared/src/index.ts
index e9a1eef..d5ac68a 100644
--- a/runners/shared/src/index.ts
+++ b/runners/shared/src/index.ts
@@ -41,15 +41,18 @@ export {
   extractMarkdownImageAttachments,
   extractMediaAttachments,
   extractImageTagPaths,
+  imageTagCaption,
   IMAGE_TAG_RE,
   IPC_CLOSE_SENTINEL,
   IPC_INPUT_SUBDIR,
   IPC_POLL_MS,
+  missingImageTagCaption,
   normalizeAgentOutput,
   normalizeEjclawStructuredOutput,
   normalizePublicTextOutput,
   OUTPUT_END_MARKER,
   OUTPUT_START_MARKER,
+  splitImageTagPromptParts,
   writeProtocolOutput,
   type NormalizedRunnerOutput,
   type NormalizedAgentOutput,
diff --git a/runners/shared/test/agent-protocol.test.ts b/runners/shared/test/agent-protocol.test.ts
index f79afaa..dd0f752 100644
--- a/runners/shared/test/agent-protocol.test.ts
+++ b/runners/shared/test/agent-protocol.test.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import {
   extractImageTagPaths,
+  imageTagCaption,
+  missingImageTagCaption,
   normalizeEjclawStructuredOutput,
   normalizePublicTextOutput,
+  splitImageTagPromptParts,
   writeProtocolOutput,
 } from '../src/agent-protocol.js';
 
@@ -25,6 +28,37 @@ describe('shared agent protocol helpers', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('splits labeled image tags for multimodal prompt builders', () => {
+    expect(
+      splitImageTagPromptParts(
+        'before [Image: screenshot.png → /tmp/a.png] after',
+      ),
+    ).toEqual([
+      { type: 'text', text: 'before ' },
+      {
+        type: 'image',
+        label: 'screenshot.png',
+        path: '/tmp/a.png',
+        raw: '[Image: screenshot.png → /tmp/a.png]',
+      },
+      { type: 'text', text: ' after' },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('formats image evidence captions and missing-image warnings', () => {
+    const part = {
+      type: 'image' as const,
+      label: 'screenshot.png',
+      path: '/tmp/a.png',
+      raw: '[Image: screenshot.png → /tmp/a.png]',
+    };
+
+    expect(imageTagCaption(part)).toBe('Image evidence: screenshot.png');
+    expect(missingImageTagCaption(part, 'file not found')).toBe(
+      '[Image unavailable: screenshot.png → /tmp/a.png — file not found]',
+    );
+  });
+
   it('normalizes plain text runner output as public text', () => {
     expect(normalizePublicTextOutput('DONE')).toEqual({
       result: 'DONE',
diff --git a/src/db-paired-turn-outputs.test.ts b/src/db-paired-turn-outputs.test.ts
index 4e045ef..3b23ca8 100644
--- a/src/db-paired-turn-outputs.test.ts
+++ b/src/db-paired-turn-outputs.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,33 @@ import {
 } from './db/paired-turn-outputs.js';
 
 describe('paired turn output attachments', () => {
+  it('marks truncated output text so reviewers know evidence was clipped', () => {
+    const database = new Database(':memory:');
+    try {
+      applyBaseSchema(database);
+
+      insertPairedTurnOutputInDatabase(
+        database,
+        'paired-task-turn-output-truncated',
+        1,
+        'owner',
+        'x'.repeat(60_000),
+      );
+
+      const [output] = getPairedTurnOutputsFromDatabase(
+        database,
+        'paired-task-turn-output-truncated',
+      );
+
+      expect(output.output_text).toHaveLength(50_000);
+      expect(output.output_text).toMatch(
+        /\[Output truncated: 60000 > 50000 chars\]/,
+      );
+    } finally {
+      database.close();
+    }
+  });
+
   it('preserves attachments for reviewer evidence prompts', () => {
     const database = new Database(':memory:');
     try {
diff --git a/src/db/paired-turn-outputs.ts b/src/db/paired-turn-outputs.ts
index 5e33124..58f7562 100644
--- a/src/db/paired-turn-outputs.ts
+++ b/src/db/paired-turn-outputs.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,15 @@ import {
 
 const MAX_TURN_OUTPUT_CHARS = 50_000;
 
+function storedOutputText(outputText: string): string {
+  if (outputText.length <= MAX_TURN_OUTPUT_CHARS) {
+    return outputText;
+  }
+
+  const notice = `\n\n[Output truncated: ${outputText.length} > ${MAX_TURN_OUTPUT_CHARS} chars]`;
+  return `${outputText.slice(0, MAX_TURN_OUTPUT_CHARS - notice.length)}${notice}`;
+}
+
 export function insertPairedTurnOutputInDatabase(
   database: Database,
   taskId: string,
@@ -48,7 +57,7 @@ export function insertPairedTurnOutputInDatabase(
       taskId,
       turnNumber,
       role,
-      outputText.slice(0, MAX_TURN_OUTPUT_CHARS),
+      storedOutputText(outputText),
       serializeAttachmentPayload(options.attachments),
       parseVisibleVerdict(outputText),
       options.createdAt ?? new Date().toISOString(),
diff --git a/src/message-agent-executor-paired.test.ts b/src/message-agent-executor-paired.test.ts
index d1b4718..07e0c8c 100644
--- a/src/message-agent-executor-paired.test.ts
+++ b/src/message-agent-executor-paired.test.ts
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ const log = {
   warn: vi.fn(),
 };
 
-describe('createPairedExecutionLifecycle', () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-  });
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+});
 
+describe('createPairedExecutionLifecycle output persistence', () => {
   it('stores final output attachments with the paired turn output', () => {
     const lifecycle = createPairedExecutionLifecycle({
       pairedExecutionContext: {
@@ -101,7 +101,67 @@ describe('createPairedExecutionLifecycle', () => {
       },
     );
   });
+});
 
+describe('createPairedExecutionLifecycle verdict routing', () => {
+  it('uses the full final output for paired verdict routing', () => {
+    const lifecycle = createPairedExecutionLifecycle({
+      pairedExecutionContext: {
+        task: {
+          id: 'paired-task-long-final',
+          chat_jid: 'group@test',
+          group_folder: 'test-group',
+          owner_service_id: 'codex-main',
+          reviewer_service_id: 'claude',
+          title: null,
+          source_ref: 'HEAD',
+          plan_notes: null,
+          round_trip_count: 0,
+          review_requested_at: null,
+          status: 'active',
+          arbiter_verdict: null,
+          arbiter_requested_at: null,
+          completion_reason: null,
+          created_at: '2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z',
+          updated_at: '2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z',
+        },
+        workspace: null,
+        envOverrides: {},
+      },
+      pairedTurnIdentity: {
+        turnId: 'paired-task-long-final:2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z:owner-turn',
+        taskId: 'paired-task-long-final',
+        taskUpdatedAt: '2026-04-09T00:00:00.000Z',
+        intentKind: 'owner-turn',
+        role: 'owner',
+      },
+      completedRole: 'owner',
+      chatJid: 'group@test',
+      runId: 'run-long-final',
+      enqueueMessageCheck: vi.fn(),
+      log,
+    });
+    const longPreface = '검증 증거 '.repeat(100);
+    const finalOutput = `${longPreface}\nTASK_DONE\n뒤쪽 상태줄도 라우팅에 반영되어야 합니다.`;
+
+    lifecycle.recordFinalOutputBeforeDelivery(finalOutput);
+
+    expect(
+      pairedExecutionContextModule.completePairedExecutionContext,
+    ).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        taskId: 'paired-task-long-final',
+        role: 'owner',
+        status: 'succeeded',
+        runId: 'run-long-final',
+        summary: finalOutput,
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(finalOutput.indexOf('TASK_DONE')).toBeGreaterThan(500);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('createPairedExecutionLifecycle completion handling', () => {
   it('does not emit a second public notification after arbiter ESCALATE', async () => {
     const outputs: AgentOutput[] = [];
 
diff --git a/src/message-agent-executor-paired.ts b/src/message-agent-executor-paired.ts
index 4092433..d91d08f 100644
--- a/src/message-agent-executor-paired.ts
+++ b/src/message-agent-executor-paired.ts
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ class PairedExecutionLifecycleController implements PairedExecutionLifecycle {
       this.pairedFinalAttachments = attachments;
     }
     if (!this.pairedSummaryLocked) {
-      this.pairedExecutionSummary = outputText.slice(0, 500);
+      this.pairedExecutionSummary = outputText;
       this.pairedSummaryLocked = true;
     }
     this.pairedSawOutput = true;
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ class PairedExecutionLifecycleController implements PairedExecutionLifecycle {
         'Adopted direct terminal delivery as paired final output',
       );
     } else if (!this.pairedSummaryLocked) {
-      this.pairedExecutionSummary = this.pairedFinalOutput.slice(0, 500);
+      this.pairedExecutionSummary = this.pairedFinalOutput;
       this.pairedSummaryLocked = true;
     }
     return outputText;
diff --git a/src/message-runtime-prompts.test.ts b/src/message-runtime-prompts.test.ts
index bfc8bc4..e2cbdc7 100644
--- a/src/message-runtime-prompts.test.ts
+++ b/src/message-runtime-prompts.test.ts
@@ -323,6 +323,9 @@ describe('message-runtime-prompts arbiter output context', () => {
 
     expect(prompt).not.toContain('arbiter-context-output-01');
     expect(prompt).not.toContain('arbiter-context-output-02');
+    expect(prompt).toContain(
+      '[Earlier paired turn outputs omitted: 2 older outputs not shown]',
+    );
     expect(prompt).toContain('arbiter-context-output-03');
     expect(prompt).toContain('arbiter-context-output-08');
     expect(prompt).not.toContain('예전 유저 지시');
@@ -362,6 +365,9 @@ describe('message-runtime-prompts arbiter output context', () => {
     expect(prompt).not.toContain('이전 작업의 유저 지시');
     expect(prompt).not.toContain('arbiter-context-output-01');
     expect(prompt).not.toContain('arbiter-context-output-02');
+    expect(prompt).toContain(
+      '[Earlier paired turn outputs omitted: 2 older outputs not shown]',
+    );
     expect(prompt).toContain('arbiter-context-output-03');
     expect(prompt).toContain('arbiter-context-output-08');
   });
diff --git a/src/message-runtime-prompts.ts b/src/message-runtime-prompts.ts
index b57dea4..21675a5 100644
--- a/src/message-runtime-prompts.ts
+++ b/src/message-runtime-prompts.ts
@@ -60,6 +60,45 @@ function turnOutputsToMessages(
   }));
 }
 
+function omittedTurnOutputsMessage(args: {
+  chatJid: string;
+  omittedCount: number;
+  firstVisibleOutput?: PairedTurnOutput;
+}): NewMessage {
+  return {
+    id: `turn-output-omitted-${args.firstVisibleOutput?.task_id ?? 'unknown'}-${args.omittedCount}`,
+    chat_jid: args.chatJid,
+    sender: 'system',
+    sender_name: 'system',
+    content: `[Earlier paired turn outputs omitted: ${args.omittedCount} older outputs not shown]`,
+    timestamp:
+      args.firstVisibleOutput?.created_at ?? '1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+    is_bot_message: true as const,
+    is_from_me: false as const,
+  };
+}
+
+function latestTurnOutputMessagesWithOmissionMarker(
+  outputs: PairedTurnOutput[],
+  chatJid: string,
+  limit: number,
+): NewMessage[] {
+  const latestOutputs = latestTurnOutputs(outputs, limit);
+  const messages = turnOutputsToMessages(latestOutputs, chatJid);
+  const omittedCount = outputs.length - latestOutputs.length;
+  if (omittedCount <= 0) {
+    return messages;
+  }
+  return [
+    omittedTurnOutputsMessage({
+      chatJid,
+      omittedCount,
+      firstVisibleOutput: latestOutputs[0],
+    }),
+    ...messages,
+  ];
+}
+
 function mergeHumanAndTurnOutputMessages(
   chatJid: string,
   humanMessages: NewMessage[],
@@ -221,12 +260,10 @@ export function buildArbiterPromptForTask(args: {
     args.turnOutputs.length > 0
       ? [
           ...taskHumanMessages,
-          ...turnOutputsToMessages(
-            latestTurnOutputs(
-              args.turnOutputs,
-              ARBITER_TURN_OUTPUT_CONTEXT_LIMIT,
-            ),
+          ...latestTurnOutputMessagesWithOmissionMarker(
+            args.turnOutputs,
             args.chatJid,
+            ARBITER_TURN_OUTPUT_CONTEXT_LIMIT,
           ),
         ]
       : args.labeledRecentMessages;
diff --git a/src/paired-execution-context-arbiter.ts b/src/paired-execution-context-arbiter.ts
index 863b23e..c204816 100644
--- a/src/paired-execution-context-arbiter.ts
+++ b/src/paired-execution-context-arbiter.ts
@@ -113,22 +113,17 @@ export function handleArbiterCompletion(args: {
       transitionPairedTaskStatus({
         taskId,
         currentStatus: 'in_arbitration',
-        nextStatus: 'review_ready',
+        nextStatus: 'completed',
         expectedUpdatedAt: task.updated_at,
         updatedAt: now,
         patch: {
-          round_trip_count: ARBITER_RESOLUTION_ROUND_TRIP_COUNT,
-          owner_failure_count: 0,
-          owner_step_done_streak: 0,
-          finalize_step_done_count: 0,
-          empty_step_done_streak: 0,
           arbiter_verdict: 'unknown',
-          arbiter_requested_at: null,
+          completion_reason: 'arbiter_escalated',
         },
       });
       logger.warn(
         { taskId, summary: summary?.slice(0, 200) },
-        'Arbiter verdict unrecognized — returning task to reviewer as proceed fallback',
+        'Arbiter verdict unrecognized — escalating instead of treating it as approval',
       );
       return;
   }
diff --git a/src/paired-execution-context-carry-forward.test.ts b/src/paired-execution-context-carry-forward.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38d3679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paired-execution-context-carry-forward.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+vi.mock('./config.js', async () => {
+  const actual =
+    await vi.importActual<typeof import('./config.js')>('./config.js');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    PAIRED_CARRY_FORWARD_LATEST_OWNER_FINAL: true,
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('./db.js', () => {
+  const updatePairedTask = vi.fn();
+  return {
+    cancelPairedTurn: vi.fn(),
+    createPairedTask: vi.fn(),
+    getLatestPairedTaskForChat: vi.fn(),
+    getLatestOpenPairedTaskForChat: vi.fn(),
+    getPairedTaskById: vi.fn(),
+    getPairedTurnById: vi.fn(),
+    getPairedTurnOutputs: vi.fn(() => []),
+    getPairedWorkspace: vi.fn(),
+    insertPairedTurnOutput: vi.fn(),
+    updatePairedTask,
+    updatePairedTaskIfUnchanged: vi.fn((id, _expectedUpdatedAt, updates) => {
+      updatePairedTask(id, updates);
+      return true;
+    }),
+    upsertPairedProject: vi.fn(),
+    hasActiveCiWatcherForChat: vi.fn(() => false),
+    releasePairedTaskExecutionLease: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('./paired-workspace-manager.js', () => ({
+  isOwnerWorkspaceRepairNeededError: vi.fn(() => false),
+  markPairedTaskReviewReady: vi.fn(),
+  prepareReviewerWorkspaceForExecution: vi.fn(() => ({
+    workspace: null,
+    autoRefreshed: false,
+  })),
+  provisionOwnerWorkspaceForPairedTask: vi.fn(() => ({
+    id: 'task-new:owner',
+    task_id: 'task-new',
+    role: 'owner',
+    workspace_dir: '/tmp/paired/task-new/owner',
+    snapshot_source_dir: null,
+    snapshot_ref: null,
+    status: 'ready',
+    snapshot_refreshed_at: null,
+    created_at: '2026-03-28T00:00:00.000Z',
+    updated_at: '2026-03-28T00:00:00.000Z',
+  })),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./logger.js', () => ({
+  logger: {
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+import * as db from './db.js';
+import { resolveOwnerTaskForHumanMessage } from './paired-execution-context.js';
+import type { PairedTask, RegisteredGroup, RoomRoleContext } from './types.js';
+
+const group: RegisteredGroup = {
+  name: 'Paired Room',
+  folder: 'paired-room',
+  trigger: '@codex',
+  added_at: '2026-03-28T00:00:00.000Z',
+  agentType: 'codex',
+  workDir: '/repo/canonical',
+};
+
+const ownerContext: RoomRoleContext = {
+  serviceId: 'codex-main',
+  role: 'owner',
+  ownerServiceId: 'codex-main',
+  reviewerServiceId: 'claude-review',
+  failoverOwner: false,
+};
+
+function buildTask(overrides: Partial<PairedTask> = {}): PairedTask {
+  return {
+    id: 'task-superseded',
+    chat_jid: 'dc:test',
+    group_folder: group.folder,
+    owner_service_id: 'codex-main',
+    reviewer_service_id: 'claude-review',
+    owner_agent_type: 'codex',
+    reviewer_agent_type: 'claude-code',
+    arbiter_agent_type: 'codex',
+    title: null,
+    source_ref: 'HEAD',
+    plan_notes: null,
+    review_requested_at: null,
+    round_trip_count: 0,
+    owner_failure_count: 0,
+    owner_step_done_streak: 0,
+    finalize_step_done_count: 0,
+    task_done_then_user_reopen_count: 0,
+    empty_step_done_streak: 0,
+    status: 'merge_ready',
+    arbiter_verdict: null,
+    arbiter_requested_at: null,
+    completion_reason: null,
+    created_at: '2026-03-28T00:00:00.000Z',
+    updated_at: '2026-03-28T00:05:00.000Z',
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+describe('paired execution carry-forward attachments', () => {
+  it('preserves latest owner final attachments when carrying context into a superseding task', () => {
+    const supersededTask = buildTask();
+    const attachments = [
+      {
+        path: '/data/attachments/paired-turn-outputs/task/1/owner/result.png',
+        name: 'result.png',
+        mime: 'image/png',
+      },
+    ];
+    vi.mocked(db.getPairedTurnOutputs).mockReturnValue([
+      {
+        id: 1,
+        task_id: supersededTask.id,
+        turn_number: 1,
+        role: 'owner',
+        output_text: 'TASK_DONE\n새 렌더 이미지입니다.',
+        attachments,
+        created_at: '2026-03-28T00:01:00.000Z',
+      },
+      {
+        id: 2,
+        task_id: supersededTask.id,
+        turn_number: 2,
+        role: 'reviewer',
+        output_text: 'TASK_DONE\nreview approved',
+        created_at: '2026-03-28T00:02:00.000Z',
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    resolveOwnerTaskForHumanMessage({
+      group,
+      chatJid: 'dc:test',
+      roomRoleContext: ownerContext,
+      existingTask: supersededTask,
+    });
+
+    expect(db.insertPairedTurnOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.any(String),
+      0,
+      'owner',
+      expect.stringContaining('TASK_DONE\n새 렌더 이미지입니다.'),
+      {
+        createdAt: '2026-03-28T00:01:00.000Z',
+        attachments,
+      },
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/paired-execution-context-routing.test.ts b/src/paired-execution-context-routing.test.ts
index 8f53ca8..a058868 100644
--- a/src/paired-execution-context-routing.test.ts
+++ b/src/paired-execution-context-routing.test.ts
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ describe('paired execution routing loop guards', () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it('routes unknown arbiter verdicts to reviewer as a proceed fallback', () => {
+  it('escalates unknown arbiter verdicts instead of treating them as approval', () => {
     vi.mocked(db.getPairedTaskById).mockReturnValue(
       buildPairedTask({
         status: 'in_arbitration',
@@ -190,12 +190,9 @@ describe('paired execution routing loop guards', () => {
     expect(db.updatePairedTask).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       'task-1',
       expect.objectContaining({
-        status: 'review_ready',
-        round_trip_count: 0,
-        owner_step_done_streak: 0,
-        empty_step_done_streak: 0,
+        status: 'completed',
         arbiter_verdict: 'unknown',
-        arbiter_requested_at: null,
+        completion_reason: 'arbiter_escalated',
       }),
     );
   });
diff --git a/src/paired-execution-context.ts b/src/paired-execution-context.ts
index b371891..216f56e 100644
--- a/src/paired-execution-context.ts
+++ b/src/paired-execution-context.ts
@@ -259,13 +259,17 @@ function carryForwardLatestOwnerFinal(args: {
     0,
     'owner',
     `[Carried forward context from the previous task: latest owner final]\n${latestOwnerFinal.output_text}`,
-    latestOwnerFinal.created_at,
+    {
+      createdAt: latestOwnerFinal.created_at,
+      attachments: latestOwnerFinal.attachments,
+    },
   );
   logger.info(
     {
       sourceTaskId: args.sourceTask.id,
       targetTaskId: args.targetTask.id,
       carriedChars: latestOwnerFinal.output_text.length,
+      attachmentCount: latestOwnerFinal.attachments?.length ?? 0,
     },
     'Carried forward latest owner final into superseding paired task',
   );
diff --git a/src/paired-verdict.test.ts b/src/paired-verdict.test.ts
index aa2f221..210c9dd 100644
--- a/src/paired-verdict.test.ts
+++ b/src/paired-verdict.test.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe('paired verdict parser', () => {
     ).toBe('continue');
   });
 
-  it('does not scan beyond the leading visible line window', () => {
+  it('accepts status tokens after a longer evidence preface', () => {
     expect(
       parseVisibleVerdict(
         [
@@ -55,14 +55,41 @@ describe('paired verdict parser', () => {
           'TASK_DONE',
         ].join('\n'),
       ),
+    ).toBe('task_done');
+  });
+
+  it('does not scan beyond the leading visible line window', () => {
+    expect(
+      parseVisibleVerdict(
+        [
+          '01',
+          '02',
+          '03',
+          '04',
+          '05',
+          '06',
+          '07',
+          '08',
+          '09',
+          '10',
+          '11',
+          '12',
+          'TASK_DONE',
+        ].join('\n'),
+      ),
     ).toBe('continue');
   });
 
-  it('classifies arbiter verdicts from the first visible line', () => {
+  it('classifies arbiter verdicts from leading visible lines', () => {
     expect(classifyArbiterVerdict('PROCEED\ncontinue')).toBe('proceed');
     expect(classifyArbiterVerdict('**VERDICT: REVISE**\nfix it')).toBe(
       'revise',
     );
+    expect(
+      classifyArbiterVerdict(
+        ['중재 판단을 정리합니다.', 'VERDICT: REVISE', 'fix it'].join('\n'),
+      ),
+    ).toBe('revise');
     expect(
       classifyArbiterVerdict(
         '<internal>private notes</internal>\nVERDICT — RESET\nrestart',
diff --git a/src/paired-verdict.ts b/src/paired-verdict.ts
index c6c71e9..6cac2f0 100644
--- a/src/paired-verdict.ts
+++ b/src/paired-verdict.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ export type VisibleVerdict =
 
 export type ArbiterVerdictResult = ArbiterVerdict | 'unknown';
 
-const VISIBLE_VERDICT_SCAN_LINE_LIMIT = 5;
+const VISIBLE_VERDICT_SCAN_LINE_LIMIT = 12;
+const ARBITER_VERDICT_SCAN_LINE_LIMIT = 12;
 
 function leadingVisibleLines(text: string, limit: number): string[] {
   const lines: string[] = [];
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ function leadingVisibleLines(text: string, limit: number): string[] {
   return lines;
 }
 
+function stripInternalBlocks(text: string): string {
+  return text.replace(/<internal>[\s\S]*?(?:<\/internal>|$)/g, '');
+}
+
 function parseVisibleVerdictLine(line: string): VisibleVerdict | null {
   if (/^\*{0,2}BLOCKED(?:\*{0,2})?\b/i.test(line)) return 'blocked';
   if (/^\*{0,2}NEEDS_CONTEXT(?:\*{0,2})?\b/i.test(line)) return 'needs_context';
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ export function parseVisibleVerdict(
   summary: string | null | undefined,
 ): VisibleVerdict {
   if (!summary) return 'continue';
-  const cleaned = summary.replace(/<internal>[\s\S]*?<\/internal>/g, '').trim();
+  const cleaned = stripInternalBlocks(summary).trim();
   if (!cleaned) return 'continue';
   for (const line of leadingVisibleLines(
     cleaned,
@@ -68,17 +73,21 @@ export function classifyArbiterVerdict(
   summary: string | null | undefined,
 ): ArbiterVerdictResult {
   if (!summary) return 'unknown';
-  const cleaned = summary.replace(/<internal>[\s\S]*?<\/internal>/g, '').trim();
+  const cleaned = stripInternalBlocks(summary).trim();
   if (!cleaned) return 'unknown';
-  const firstLine = cleaned.split('\n')[0].trim();
-  const verdictMatch = firstLine.match(
-    /\*{0,2}(?:VERDICT\s*[:—-]\s*)?(PROCEED|REVISE|RESET|ESCALATE|CONTINUE)\*{0,2}/i,
-  );
-  if (verdictMatch) {
-    const normalized = verdictMatch[1].toLowerCase();
-    return normalized === 'continue'
-      ? 'proceed'
-      : (normalized as ArbiterVerdict);
+  for (const line of leadingVisibleLines(
+    cleaned,
+    ARBITER_VERDICT_SCAN_LINE_LIMIT,
+  )) {
+    const verdictMatch = line.match(
+      /\*{0,2}(?:VERDICT\s*[:—-]\s*)?(PROCEED|REVISE|RESET|ESCALATE|CONTINUE)\*{0,2}/i,
+    );
+    if (verdictMatch) {
+      const normalized = verdictMatch[1].toLowerCase();
+      return normalized === 'continue'
+        ? 'proceed'
+        : (normalized as ArbiterVerdict);
+    }
   }
   return 'unknown';
 }