diff --git a/src/message-runtime-gating.test.ts b/src/message-runtime-gating.test.ts
index 63418bb..7285d27 100644
--- a/src/message-runtime-gating.test.ts
+++ b/src/message-runtime-gating.test.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 import type { RegisteredGroup } from './types.js';
 
-const { getAllCodexAccountsMock, handleSessionCommandMock } = vi.hoisted(
-  () => ({
-    getAllCodexAccountsMock: vi.fn(),
-    handleSessionCommandMock: vi.fn(),
-  }),
-);
-
-vi.mock('./codex-token-rotation.js', () => ({
-  getAllCodexAccounts: getAllCodexAccountsMock,
+const { handleSessionCommandMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  handleSessionCommandMock: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
 vi.mock('./session-commands.js', () => ({
@@ -19,7 +12,6 @@ vi.mock('./session-commands.js', () => ({
 import {
   exhaustionChecks,
   handleQueuedRunGates,
-  shouldHoldFreshCodexUntilPrimer,
 } from './message-runtime-gating.js';
 
 describe('message-runtime-gating', () => {
@@ -46,8 +38,6 @@ describe('message-runtime-gating', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     handleSessionCommandMock.mockReset();
     sendMessage.mockReset();
-    getAllCodexAccountsMock.mockReset();
-    getAllCodexAccountsMock.mockReturnValue([]);
     exhaustionChecks.claude = () => ({ exhausted: false, nextResetAt: null });
     exhaustionChecks.codex = () => ({ exhausted: false, nextResetAt: null });
   });
@@ -141,46 +131,12 @@ describe('message-runtime-gating', () => {
     expect(sendMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  it('holds a fresh Codex account until the next fixed primer slot', async () => {
-    getAllCodexAccountsMock.mockReturnValue([
-      {
-        index: 0,
-        accountId: 'codex-1',
-        planType: 'pro',
-        isActive: true,
-        isRateLimited: false,
-        cachedUsagePct: 1,
-        cachedUsageD7Pct: 22,
-      },
-    ]);
-
-    expect(
-      shouldHoldFreshCodexUntilPrimer(
-        new Date('2026-06-01T06:30:00.000Z').getTime(), // 15:30 KST
-      ),
-    ).toBe(true);
-    expect(
-      shouldHoldFreshCodexUntilPrimer(
-        new Date('2026-06-01T09:00:30.000Z').getTime(), // 18:00:30 KST
-      ),
-    ).toBe(false);
-  });
-
-  it('blocks fresh Codex turns before the next primer slot and notifies the channel', async () => {
+  it('does not hold a fresh Codex turn until a primer slot — Codex runs like Claude', async () => {
     handleSessionCommandMock.mockResolvedValue({ handled: false });
-    getAllCodexAccountsMock.mockReturnValue([
-      {
-        index: 0,
-        accountId: 'codex-1',
-        planType: 'pro',
-        isActive: true,
-        isRateLimited: false,
-        cachedUsagePct: 1,
-        cachedUsageD7Pct: 22,
-      },
-    ]);
+    // 15:30 KST: well outside the 04-08 dawn gap. A fresh Codex account used to
+    // be held back with a "wait until next primer" reply; that behavior is gone.
     vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(
-      new Date('2026-06-01T06:30:00.000Z').getTime(), // 15:30 KST
+      new Date('2026-06-01T06:30:00.000Z').getTime(),
     );
 
     const result = await handleQueuedRunGates({
@@ -188,9 +144,7 @@ describe('message-runtime-gating', () => {
       group: { ...baseArgs.group, agentType: 'codex' },
     });
 
-    expect(result).toEqual({ handled: true, success: true });
-    expect(sendMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      expect.stringContaining('18:00 KST'),
-    );
+    expect(result).toEqual({ handled: false });
+    expect(sendMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/message-runtime-gating.ts b/src/message-runtime-gating.ts
index dfe5ba3..a15cc59 100644
--- a/src/message-runtime-gating.ts
+++ b/src/message-runtime-gating.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import {
   CODEX_EXHAUSTION_THRESHOLD_PCT,
   getCodexUsageExhaustion,
 } from './codex-usage-collector.js';
-import { getAllCodexAccounts } from './codex-token-rotation.js';
 import { logger } from './logger.js';
 import {
   handleSessionCommand,
@@ -67,65 +66,16 @@ function exhaustionMessageFor(
 // is processed anyway — user explicitly tagged the bot, accept the drift.
 const GAP_START_HOUR_KST = 4;
 const GAP_END_HOUR_KST = 8;
-const PRIMER_HOURS_KST = [8, 13, 18, 23];
 const KST_OFFSET_MS = 9 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
-const CODEX_ALIGNMENT_FRESH_USAGE_PCT = 1;
-const PRIMER_GRACE_MS = 2 * 60 * 1000;
 
 export function isInUsageAlignmentGap(nowMs: number = Date.now()): boolean {
   const kstHour = new Date(nowMs + KST_OFFSET_MS).getUTCHours();
   return kstHour >= GAP_START_HOUR_KST && kstHour < GAP_END_HOUR_KST;
 }
 
-function msUntilNextPrimerSlotKST(nowMs: number): number {
-  const kstNowShifted = nowMs + KST_OFFSET_MS;
-  const kstDate = new Date(kstNowShifted);
-  const kstH = kstDate.getUTCHours();
-
-  let nextH = PRIMER_HOURS_KST.find((h) => h > kstH);
-  let dayOffset = 0;
-  if (nextH === undefined) {
-    nextH = PRIMER_HOURS_KST[0];
-    dayOffset = 1;
-  }
-
-  const target = new Date(kstNowShifted);
-  target.setUTCHours(nextH, 0, 0, 0);
-  if (dayOffset === 1) target.setUTCDate(target.getUTCDate() + 1);
-  return target.getTime() - kstNowShifted;
-}
-
-function formatPrimerHourKST(nowMs: number): string {
-  const nextMs = nowMs + msUntilNextPrimerSlotKST(nowMs);
-  const kst = new Date(nextMs + KST_OFFSET_MS);
-  return `${String(kst.getUTCHours()).padStart(2, '0')}:00 KST`;
-}
-
-export function shouldHoldFreshCodexUntilPrimer(
-  nowMs: number = Date.now(),
-): boolean {
-  const accounts = getAllCodexAccounts();
-  const active = accounts.find((a) => a.isActive) ?? accounts[0];
-  if (!active || active.isRateLimited) return false;
-  const h5 = active.cachedUsagePct;
-  if (h5 == null || h5 < 0 || h5 > CODEX_ALIGNMENT_FRESH_USAGE_PCT) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const elapsedFromPreviousSlot =
-    (5 * 60 * 60 * 1000 - msUntilNextPrimerSlotKST(nowMs)) %
-    (5 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
-  return elapsedFromPreviousSlot > PRIMER_GRACE_MS;
-}
-
 const GAP_AUTO_REPLY =
   '사용량 정렬 시간(04~08 KST)입니다. 08시 이후 다시 보내주세요. 긴급한 경우 @태그하면 처리됩니다.';
 
-const CODEX_ALIGNMENT_AUTO_REPLY = (nowMs: number) =>
-  `Codex 사용량 정렬 대기 중입니다. 다음 프라이머 시각(${formatPrimerHourKST(
-    nowMs,
-  )}) 이후 다시 보내주세요. 긴급한 경우 @태그하면 처리됩니다.`;
-
 export async function handleQueuedRunGates(args: {
   chatJid: string;
   group: RegisteredGroup;
@@ -176,29 +126,6 @@ export async function handleQueuedRunGates(args: {
   }
 
   const agentType: AgentType = args.group.agentType ?? 'claude-code';
-  if (agentType === 'codex' && shouldHoldFreshCodexUntilPrimer()) {
-    const hasUrgentMention = args.missedMessages.some((m) =>
-      args.triggerPattern.test(m.content),
-    );
-    if (!hasUrgentMention) {
-      logger.info(
-        {
-          chatJid: args.chatJid,
-          groupName: args.group.name,
-          runId: args.runId,
-        },
-        'Blocking new Codex turn — waiting for fixed primer slot',
-      );
-      try {
-        await args.sessionCommandDeps.sendMessage(
-          CODEX_ALIGNMENT_AUTO_REPLY(Date.now()),
-        );
-      } catch (err) {
-        logger.warn({ err }, 'Failed to send Codex alignment notice');
-      }
-      return { handled: true, success: true };
-    }
-  }
 
   // ── Usage-exhaustion gate ──
   // Block new turns when the agent provider that would handle this room has