diff --git a/src/message-runtime-handoffs.test.ts b/src/message-runtime-handoffs.test.ts
index cd82fa1..33b752b 100644
--- a/src/message-runtime-handoffs.test.ts
+++ b/src/message-runtime-handoffs.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ vi.mock('./db.js', () => ({
   claimPairedTurnReservation: vi.fn(() => true),
   completeServiceHandoffAndAdvanceTargetCursor: vi.fn(() => null),
   failServiceHandoff: vi.fn(),
+  getPairedTaskById: vi.fn(),
   getPairedTurnOutputs: vi.fn(() => []),
   getPendingServiceHandoffs: vi.fn(() => []),
   reservePairedTurnReservation: vi.fn(() => true),
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ vi.mock('./logger.js', () => ({
 
 import * as db from './db.js';
 import {
+  enqueueMessageRuntimePendingHandoffs,
   enqueuePendingHandoffs,
   processClaimedHandoff,
 } from './message-runtime-handoffs.js';
@@ -52,6 +54,93 @@ function makeChannel(name: string, ownsChatJid = false): Channel {
   } as unknown as Channel;
 }
 
+function makeClaimedHandoff(overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+  return {
+    id: 13,
+    chat_jid: 'group@test',
+    group_folder: 'test-group',
+    source_service_id: 'claude',
+    target_service_id: 'codex-main',
+    source_role: 'reviewer',
+    source_agent_type: 'claude-code',
+    target_role: 'owner',
+    target_agent_type: 'codex',
+    prompt: 'owner handoff',
+    status: 'claimed',
+    start_seq: 13,
+    end_seq: 14,
+    reason: 'owner-follow-up',
+    intended_role: 'owner',
+    created_at: '2026-04-10T00:00:00.000Z',
+    claimed_at: '2026-04-10T00:00:01.000Z',
+    completed_at: null,
+    last_error: null,
+    ...overrides,
+  } as any;
+}
+
+describe('enqueueMessageRuntimePendingHandoffs', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('enqueues pending handoffs with runtime-bound processing dependencies', async () => {
+    const handoff = makeClaimedHandoff();
+    vi.mocked(db.getPendingServiceHandoffs).mockReturnValue([handoff]);
+    vi.mocked(db.claimServiceHandoff).mockReturnValue(true);
+    vi.mocked(db.completeServiceHandoffAndAdvanceTargetCursor).mockReturnValue(
+      '14',
+    );
+    const enqueueTask = vi.fn();
+    const executeTurn = vi.fn(async () => ({
+      outputStatus: 'success' as const,
+      deliverySucceeded: true,
+      visiblePhase: 'final',
+    }));
+    const lastAgentTimestamps: Record<string, string> = {};
+    const getLastAgentTimestamps = vi.fn(() => lastAgentTimestamps);
+    const saveState = vi.fn();
+    const enqueueMessageCheck = vi.fn();
+
+    enqueueMessageRuntimePendingHandoffs({
+      enqueueTask,
+      getRoomBindings: () => ({
+        'group@test': makeGroup(),
+      }),
+      channels: [makeChannel('discord-main', true)],
+      executeTurn,
+      getLastAgentTimestamps,
+      saveState,
+      enqueueMessageCheck,
+    });
+
+    expect(db.getPendingServiceHandoffs).toHaveBeenCalledWith('codex-main');
+    expect(db.claimServiceHandoff).toHaveBeenCalledWith(13);
+    expect(getLastAgentTimestamps).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(enqueueTask).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'group@test',
+      'handoff:13',
+      expect.any(Function),
+    );
+
+    const queuedTask = vi.mocked(enqueueTask).mock.calls[0]?.[2];
+    await queuedTask?.();
+
+    expect(getLastAgentTimestamps).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(executeTurn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        chatJid: 'group@test',
+        runId: 'handoff-13',
+        forcedRole: 'owner',
+        forcedAgentType: 'codex',
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(lastAgentTimestamps['group@test']).toBe('14');
+    expect(saveState).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(enqueueMessageCheck).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
 describe('message-runtime-handoffs', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
diff --git a/src/message-runtime-handoffs.ts b/src/message-runtime-handoffs.ts
index 7d81156..e442a02 100644
--- a/src/message-runtime-handoffs.ts
+++ b/src/message-runtime-handoffs.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   claimServiceHandoff,
   completeServiceHandoffAndAdvanceTargetCursor,
   failServiceHandoff,
+  getPairedTaskById,
   getPendingServiceHandoffs,
   type ServiceHandoff,
 } from './db.js';
@@ -45,6 +46,36 @@ export function enqueuePendingHandoffs(args: {
   }
 }
 
+export function enqueueMessageRuntimePendingHandoffs(args: {
+  enqueueTask?:
+    | ((chatJid: string, taskId: string, task: () => Promise<void>) => void)
+    | undefined;
+  getRoomBindings: () => Record<string, RegisteredGroup>;
+  channels: Channel[];
+  executeTurn: ExecuteTurnFn;
+  getLastAgentTimestamps: () => Record<string, string>;
+  saveState: () => void;
+  enqueueMessageCheck: (chatJid: string) => void;
+}): void {
+  enqueuePendingHandoffs({
+    enqueueTask: (chatJid, taskId, task) => {
+      args.enqueueTask?.(chatJid, taskId, task);
+    },
+    processClaimedHandoff: async (handoff) => {
+      await processClaimedHandoff({
+        handoff,
+        getRoomBindings: args.getRoomBindings,
+        channels: args.channels,
+        executeTurn: args.executeTurn,
+        lastAgentTimestamps: args.getLastAgentTimestamps(),
+        saveState: args.saveState,
+        getPairedTaskById,
+        enqueueMessageCheck: args.enqueueMessageCheck,
+      });
+    },
+  });
+}
+
 function requeueFailedClaimedPairedTurn(args: {
   handoff: ServiceHandoff;
   error: string;
diff --git a/src/message-runtime.ts b/src/message-runtime.ts
index f128588..0d518f8 100644
--- a/src/message-runtime.ts
+++ b/src/message-runtime.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import {
   getMessagesSinceSeq,
   getLatestOpenPairedTaskForChat,
   markWorkItemDelivered,
-  getPairedTaskById,
   updatePairedTurnProgressText,
 } from './db.js';
 import {
@@ -17,10 +16,7 @@ import { enqueueGenericFollowUpAfterDeliveryRetry as enqueueDeliveryRetryFollowU
 import { processOpenWorkItemDelivery } from './message-runtime-delivery.js';
 import { deliverCanonicalOutboundMessage } from './ipc-outbound-delivery.js';
 import { handleQueuedRunGates } from './message-runtime-gating.js';
-import {
-  enqueuePendingHandoffs as enqueueClaimedServiceHandoffs,
-  processClaimedHandoff as processClaimedServiceHandoff,
-} from './message-runtime-handoffs.js';
+import { enqueueMessageRuntimePendingHandoffs } from './message-runtime-handoffs.js';
 import {
   buildScopedMessageCheckEnqueuer,
   processMessageLoopTick,
@@ -229,23 +225,14 @@ export function createMessageRuntime(deps: MessageRuntimeDeps): {
   });
 
   const enqueuePendingHandoffs = (): void => {
-    enqueueClaimedServiceHandoffs({
-      enqueueTask: (chatJid, taskId, task) => {
-        deps.queue.enqueueTask?.(chatJid, taskId, task);
-      },
-      processClaimedHandoff: async (handoff) => {
-        await processClaimedServiceHandoff({
-          handoff,
-          getRoomBindings: deps.getRoomBindings,
-          channels: deps.channels,
-          executeTurn,
-          lastAgentTimestamps: deps.getLastAgentTimestamps(),
-          saveState: deps.saveState,
-          getPairedTaskById,
-          enqueueMessageCheck: (chatJid) =>
-            deps.queue.enqueueMessageCheck(chatJid),
-        });
-      },
+    enqueueMessageRuntimePendingHandoffs({
+      enqueueTask: deps.queue.enqueueTask?.bind(deps.queue),
+      getRoomBindings: deps.getRoomBindings,
+      channels: deps.channels,
+      executeTurn,
+      getLastAgentTimestamps: deps.getLastAgentTimestamps,
+      saveState: deps.saveState,
+      enqueueMessageCheck: (chatJid) => deps.queue.enqueueMessageCheck(chatJid),
     });
   };