feat(phase-1a): external data fetchers + refresh pipeline + scheduler

10종목 시드 + pykrx OHLCV / 외인·기관 거래대금, KIS read-only EOD, OpenDART
공시, 네이버 금융 뉴스 스크레이퍼, 구글 뉴스 RSS, yfinance 거시(KOSPI/KOSDAQ/
USDKRW/US10Y) fetcher 를 추가하고 refresh_one / daily_batch / backfill /
APScheduler(16:00 KST) 파이프라인으로 묶음.

- backend/app/seed: 10종목 시드 (대형/고변동/테마/플랫폼/방어)
- backend/app/fetch: pykrx, kis, dart, news, macro, symbols_seed
- backend/app/pipelines: refresh_one, daily_batch, backfill(CLI), scheduler
- backend/app/api/refresh.py: POST /api/refresh/{code}?lookback_days=N
- backend/app/main.py: lifespan 으로 스케줄러 기동/종료, /health/keys 추가
- README: .env 복사 안내 보강

스모크 테스트 (실제 키 사용) 결과:
  KIS token  : ok (token 346자 발급)
  KIS daily  : 005930 11rows
  DART list  : 005930 30일 10건
  Naver news : 005930 12건
  Google RSS : "삼성전자" 92건

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/pipelines/refresh_one.py

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""한 종목에 대해 모든 소스를 갱신 + 구조화된 status 리턴.
+
+POST /api/refresh/{code} 와 daily_batch 둘 다 이 함수를 호출.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field
+from datetime import date, timedelta
+from typing import Any
+
+from app.fetch import dart as dart_mod
+from app.fetch import kis as kis_mod
+from app.fetch import news as news_mod
+from app.fetch import pykrx_helper
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SourceStatus:
+    status: str                       # 'ok' / 'skipped_missing_key' / 'failed'
+    inserted: int = 0
+    updated: int = 0
+    skipped: int = 0
+    extra: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    error: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RefreshReport:
+    code: str
+    pykrx_ohlcv: SourceStatus
+    pykrx_trading_value: SourceStatus
+    kis_daily: SourceStatus
+    dart: SourceStatus
+    naver_news: SourceStatus
+    google_rss: SourceStatus
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        out: dict[str, Any] = {"code": self.code}
+        for f in (
+            "pykrx_ohlcv",
+            "pykrx_trading_value",
+            "kis_daily",
+            "dart",
+            "naver_news",
+            "google_rss",
+        ):
+            v: SourceStatus = getattr(self, f)
+            out[f] = asdict(v)
+        return out
+
+
+def _pykrx_ohlcv(code: str, start: date, end: date) -> SourceStatus:
+    try:
+        res = pykrx_helper.fetch_ohlcv_daily(code, start, end)
+        return SourceStatus(
+            status=res.status(),
+            inserted=res.inserted,
+            updated=res.updated,
+            error=res.error,
+        )
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        return SourceStatus(status="failed", error=str(exc))
+
+
+def _pykrx_trading(code: str, start: date, end: date) -> SourceStatus:
+    try:
+        res = pykrx_helper.fetch_trading_value(code, start, end)
+        return SourceStatus(
+            status=res.status(),
+            inserted=res.inserted,
+            updated=res.updated,
+            error=res.error,
+        )
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        return SourceStatus(status="failed", error=str(exc))
+
+
+def _kis(code: str, start: date, end: date) -> SourceStatus:
+    """KIS read-only EOD. 실제 DB 적재는 하지 않고 sanity 호출 + sample row 수만 리포트.
+    pykrx 와 중복 데이터이므로 KIS 는 백업/실시간 용도이고, 일별 적재는 pykrx 가 1차.
+    """
+    try:
+        rows = kis_mod.fetch_daily_price(code, start, end)
+        return SourceStatus(status="ok", extra={"sample_rows": len(rows)})
+    except kis_mod.SkippedMissingKey:
+        return SourceStatus(status="skipped_missing_key")
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        return SourceStatus(status="failed", error=str(exc))
+
+
+def _dart(code: str, start: date, end: date) -> SourceStatus:
+    try:
+        items = dart_mod.fetch_disclosures(code, start, end)
+        # 공시는 news 테이블에 upsert
+        news_items = [
+            news_mod.NewsItem(
+                code=d.code,
+                source="dart",
+                title=d.title,
+                url=d.url,
+                published_at=d.published_at,
+            )
+            for d in items
+        ]
+        ins, skip = news_mod.upsert_news(news_items)
+        return SourceStatus(status="ok", inserted=ins, skipped=skip, extra={"fetched": len(items)})
+    except dart_mod.SkippedMissingKey:
+        return SourceStatus(status="skipped_missing_key")
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        return SourceStatus(status="failed", error=str(exc))
+
+
+def _naver_news(code: str) -> SourceStatus:
+    try:
+        items = news_mod.fetch_naver_finance_news(code, max_pages=1)
+        ins, skip = news_mod.upsert_news(items)
+        return SourceStatus(status="ok", inserted=ins, skipped=skip, extra={"fetched": len(items)})
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        return SourceStatus(status="failed", error=str(exc))
+
+
+def _google_rss(code: str, name: str) -> SourceStatus:
+    try:
+        query = name or code
+        items = news_mod.fetch_google_news_rss(query, code=code)
+        ins, skip = news_mod.upsert_news(items)
+        return SourceStatus(status="ok", inserted=ins, skipped=skip, extra={"fetched": len(items)})
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+        return SourceStatus(status="failed", error=str(exc))
+
+
+def refresh_code(code: str, name: str, *, lookback_days: int = 7) -> RefreshReport:
+    """단기 갱신 (daily_batch 용). 최근 lookback_days 만 가져온다."""
+    end = date.today()
+    start = end - timedelta(days=lookback_days)
+    return RefreshReport(
+        code=code,
+        pykrx_ohlcv=_pykrx_ohlcv(code, start, end),
+        pykrx_trading_value=_pykrx_trading(code, start, end),
+        kis_daily=_kis(code, start, end),
+        dart=_dart(code, start, end),
+        naver_news=_naver_news(code),
+        google_rss=_google_rss(code, name),
+    )