v0.4.31: skip permission-level check for non-player sources

The previous .requires gate used Permissions.COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER (level 2),
which is the right check for player sources but ties datapack /function
calls to the functionPermissionLevel gamerule. If admins kept that gamerule
below 2, datapack-driven /videoPlace etc. silently failed and required a
gamerule bump.

Extract a CommandPermissions.opOrServer helper used by all 5 /video*
commands. Players still need OP (level 2+); console, command block, and
datapack function sources bypass the level check entirely.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

gradle.properties

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ org.gradle.configuration-cache=false
 
 # Mod
 mod_id=video_player
-mod_version=0.4.17
+mod_version=0.4.31
 maven_group=com.ejclaw.videoplayer
 archives_base_name=video_player
 

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/VideoPlayerClient.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.ejclaw.videoplayer;
 import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.block.VideoAnchorBlockEntity;
 import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.client.MusicQuizClient;
 import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.client.net.ClientNetworking;
+import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.client.playback.VideoCache;
 import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.client.playback.VideoPlayback;
 import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.client.render.VideoAnchorRenderer;
 import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.item.VideoStickItem;
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ import net.fabricmc.api.ClientModInitializer;
 import net.fabricmc.api.EnvType;
 import net.fabricmc.api.Environment;
 import net.fabricmc.fabric.api.client.event.lifecycle.v1.ClientBlockEntityEvents;
+import net.fabricmc.fabric.api.client.event.lifecycle.v1.ClientLifecycleEvents;
 import net.fabricmc.fabric.api.client.event.lifecycle.v1.ClientTickEvents;
 import net.fabricmc.fabric.api.client.networking.v1.ClientPlayNetworking;
 import net.fabricmc.fabric.api.client.rendering.v1.BlockEntityRendererRegistry;
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ import net.fabricmc.fabric.api.event.player.AttackBlockCallback;
 import net.minecraft.client.Minecraft;
 import net.minecraft.client.player.LocalPlayer;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.sounds.SoundSource;
 import net.minecraft.world.InteractionResult;
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3;
 
@@ -81,6 +84,11 @@ public class VideoPlayerClient implements ClientModInitializer {
             }
         });
 
+        // Wipe video_player_cache/ on game exit so preloaded clips don't pile up across
+        // sessions. Cache entries are re-broadcast by the server on every JOIN, so a freshly
+        // started game will repopulate the cache automatically.
+        ClientLifecycleEvents.CLIENT_STOPPING.register(client -> VideoCache.wipeOnShutdown());
+
         VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] client initialized", VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID);
     }
 
@@ -89,17 +97,26 @@ public class VideoPlayerClient implements ClientModInitializer {
      * Distance is measured from the player's eye to the <em>panel center</em>, not the anchor
      * block corner — for a 4×4 panel the corner is ~2 blocks off from where the screen visually
      * sits, which made the audio feel like it was off to the side.
+     *
+     * <p>Gain is also gated by the Minecraft sound options so the in-game sliders work as
+     * expected: vanilla {@code SoundEngine.calculateVolume} multiplies by master × category, so
+     * we do the same with {@link SoundSource#PLAYERS} as the category. Result: dragging the
+     * "Players" slider in Options → Music & Sounds attenuates video audio just like other
+     * player sounds, and "Master" still gates everything.
      */
     private static void updateDistanceGains(Minecraft client) {
         LocalPlayer p = client.player;
         if (p == null || client.level == null) return;
         Vec3 eye = p.getEyePosition();
+        float masterVol = client.options.getSoundSourceVolume(SoundSource.MASTER);
+        float playersVol = client.options.getSoundSourceVolume(SoundSource.PLAYERS);
+        float categoryScale = masterVol * playersVol;
         for (BlockPos pos : VideoPlayback.activePositions()) {
             if (!(client.level.getBlockEntity(pos) instanceof VideoAnchorBlockEntity be)) continue;
             Vec3 center = be.panelCenter();
             double d = center.distanceTo(eye);
             float attenuation = (float) Math.max(0.0, Math.min(1.0, 1.0 - d / 16.0));
-            float gain = be.isMuted() ? 0F : be.getVolume() * attenuation;
+            float gain = be.isMuted() ? 0F : be.getVolume() * attenuation * categoryScale;
             VideoPlayback.setGain(pos, gain);
         }
     }

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/block/VideoAnchorBlockEntity.java

@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ package com.ejclaw.videoplayer.block;
 import com.ejclaw.videoplayer.registry.VideoPlayerBlockEntities;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.Direction;
+import net.minecraft.core.HolderLookup;
 import net.minecraft.nbt.CompoundTag;
+import net.minecraft.network.protocol.Packet;
+import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientGamePacketListener;
+import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundBlockEntityDataPacket;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.storage.ValueInput;
@@ -123,6 +127,35 @@ public class VideoAnchorBlockEntity extends BlockEntity {
         out.putBoolean("autoplay", autoplay);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Vanilla chunk-load BE sync. The base implementation returns an empty tag, which means
+     * when a client first sees this BE (chunk loads or player walks into range) it gets default
+     * values — url="" in particular makes the renderer no-op and the panel appears invisible.
+     *
+     * <p>Returning {@link #toNbt()} here carries the custom fields in the vanilla packet, so
+     * we don't depend on the {@code SyncAnchorPayload} arriving before the chunk's block-update
+     * packet (there's a race: {@code level.setBlock} queues a deferred chunk broadcast while
+     * {@code ServerPlayNetworking.send} writes immediately; if the payload wins, the client
+     * drops it because the BE doesn't exist yet, then the chunk packet creates the BE with
+     * defaults). It also fixes "player walks far away and comes back" — that path has no
+     * SyncAnchorPayload at all, just vanilla chunk re-sync.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public CompoundTag getUpdateTag(HolderLookup.Provider provider) {
+        return toNbt();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Triggers a {@link ClientboundBlockEntityDataPacket} whenever the chunk tracker decides
+     * this BE needs to push an update. Default implementation returns {@code null} (no packet
+     * sent on BE change). Combined with {@link #getUpdateTag} above, every BE-state change a
+     * client sees carries the full config.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Packet<ClientGamePacketListener> getUpdatePacket() {
+        return ClientboundBlockEntityDataPacket.create(this);
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected void loadAdditional(ValueInput in) {
         super.loadAdditional(in);

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/client/playback/JavaCvBackend.java

@@ -180,27 +180,24 @@ public class JavaCvBackend implements VideoBackend {
         // stale srcAddr — closing the grabber there frees the av_frame plane and the next
         // memcpy crashes inside StubRoutines::jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy (exactly the 4K-delete
         // crash dump we saw). So the safe rule is: only the decoder thread touches the
-        // grabber. External stop signals `running=false`, stops the audio line, interrupts the
-        // worker, and joins briefly; the worker's own `finally` calls grabber.close(). Inside
-        // the loop, grab() unblocks via the rw_timeout/timeout options (3 s, set in runLoop)
-        // even on a stuck HTTP read, so the join below normally returns within a frame.
+        // grabber. External stop signals `running=false`, stops the audio line, interrupts
+        // the worker, and returns immediately; the worker's own `finally` calls
+        // grabber.close() whenever grab()/start() eventually returns.
+        //
+        // We deliberately do NOT join the worker. close() runs on the client tick thread (via
+        // VideoPlayback.tick → Entry.close), and the worker can spend several seconds inside
+        // the native FFmpeg probe at the top of runLoop — probesize=8 MB and
+        // analyzeduration=2 s do not honor the `running` flag and Thread.interrupt() doesn't
+        // unblock native I/O. A bounded join() there (the old 2 s) is exactly the "place then
+        // immediately delete freezes the game for a moment" symptom: the worker hasn't
+        // entered the grab() loop yet, so flipping running=false has no effect on it until
+        // start() returns. The worker is a daemon, the audio line is already silenced above,
+        // and Entry has been removed from the active map by the caller — nothing observable
+        // depends on the grabber having been closed before this method returns.
         Thread t = worker;
         worker = null;
         if (t != null) {
             t.interrupt();
-            try {
-                t.join(2000);
-            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-            }
-            if (t.isAlive()) {
-                // Worker still blocked in native grab() — let it finish on its own. Its
-                // finally still closes the grabber when grab() eventually returns / throws.
-                // No native pointers leak in the meantime because we don't touch them here.
-                VideoPlayerMod.LOG.warn(
-                    "[{}] decoder did not exit within 2 s of stop; orphaning until next grab() returns",
-                    VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID);
-            }
         }
         ready = false;
     }

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/client/playback/VideoCache.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 
 /**
  * Client-side disk cache for preloaded HTTP video URLs. Driven by the {@code /videopreload}
@@ -42,6 +43,14 @@ public final class VideoCache {
     private static final Map<String, Path> READY = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
     /** urls whose download is currently queued or in flight. */
     private static final Set<String> IN_FLIGHT = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
+    /**
+     * Monotonic cache-generation counter. {@link #clearAll()} bumps this; every download
+     * captures the value at submit time and bails (deletes its {@code .part} without
+     * publishing) if the epoch has moved since. This is the cancellation channel for the
+     * in-flight download — without it, {@code clearAll} only wipes already-finalized files
+     * while the running download keeps writing and re-publishes one entry post-clear.
+     */
+    private static final AtomicLong CACHE_EPOCH = new AtomicLong(0);
 
     /**
      * Single-thread executor that serializes all downloads. Cap enforcement (the total
@@ -121,11 +130,36 @@ public final class VideoCache {
 
     /**
      * Wipe the entire cache directory and drop both indexes. Sent in response to
-     * {@code /videoCache clear}. Best-effort per-file deletion; logs failures but doesn't
-     * abort on the first one. In-flight downloads aren't cancelled — they'll fail at the
-     * atomic-move step (target dir gone) and log a warning, which is fine.
+     * {@code /videoCache clear}.
+     *
+     * <p>Three phases that need to stay in this order:
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>Bump the epoch first — that flips the cancellation flag for any in-flight
+     *       download. The download thread checks the epoch in the read loop and at the
+     *       move step, so after this point it will refuse to publish a new entry and
+     *       will delete its own {@code .part}.</li>
+     *   <li>Clear the in-memory indexes. (READY clears whatever was already finalized
+     *       pre-clear; IN_FLIGHT is wiped so a subsequent same-URL preload re-enters
+     *       the queue instead of getting deduped by stale state.)</li>
+     *   <li>Best-effort delete every regular file in the cache directory. We do this
+     *       last so that if the in-flight download was momentarily holding a {@code .part}
+     *       open, the listing here also catches its post-close residue (though normally
+     *       phase 1 → the download deletes its own part).</li>
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * <p>Best-effort per-file deletion; logs failures but doesn't abort on the first one.
+     * On Windows the open {@code .part} may not be deletable here — phase 1's cancellation
+     * + the download's own cleanup-on-bail handles that case.
      */
     public static void clearAll() {
+        // Phase 1: signal cancellation to any in-flight download BEFORE wiping disk.
+        CACHE_EPOCH.incrementAndGet();
+
+        // Phase 2: drop indexes.
+        READY.clear();
+        IN_FLIGHT.clear();
+
+        // Phase 3: delete files on disk.
         int deleted = 0;
         int failed  = 0;
         try {
@@ -147,8 +181,6 @@ public final class VideoCache {
             VideoPlayerMod.LOG.warn("[{}] clearAll failed: {}",
                 VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, t.toString());
         }
-        READY.clear();
-        IN_FLIGHT.clear();
         VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] clearAll: deleted={} failed={}",
             VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, deleted, failed);
         notifyChat("[videocache] 전체 캐시 삭제: " + deleted + "개 파일", ChatFormatting.YELLOW);
@@ -158,7 +190,11 @@ public final class VideoCache {
     public static void preload(String url) {
         if (url == null || url.isEmpty()) return;
         if (!(url.startsWith("http://") || url.startsWith("https://"))) return;
-        if (READY.containsKey(url)) {
+        // Use lookup() (which also verifies the file exists on disk) instead of
+        // READY.containsKey — defends against READY containing a stale entry whose
+        // backing file was removed by clearAll() / a user-side file delete. Without this,
+        // a stale key would silently block a re-preload.
+        if (lookup(url) != null) {
             VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] preload: already cached {}", VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url);
             notifyChat("[videopreload] 이미 캐시됨: " + url, ChatFormatting.GRAY);
             return;
@@ -169,7 +205,11 @@ public final class VideoCache {
             return;
         }
         notifyChat("[videopreload] 다운로드 대기열 추가: " + url, ChatFormatting.YELLOW);
-        DOWNLOAD_POOL.submit(() -> download(url));
+        // Capture the current epoch at submit time. The download thread checks against
+        // CACHE_EPOCH later — any mismatch means clearAll() ran in between and this
+        // download must abort without publishing.
+        long epoch = CACHE_EPOCH.get();
+        DOWNLOAD_POOL.submit(() -> download(url, epoch));
     }
 
     /** Return the local cached file path for this URL, or {@code null} if not yet ready. */
@@ -186,6 +226,40 @@ public final class VideoCache {
         IN_FLIGHT.clear();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Wipe the cache directory at game shutdown so the user doesn't accumulate disk usage
+     * across sessions. Distinct from {@link #clearAll()}: at shutdown there are no concurrent
+     * downloads to race and no player to chat-notify, so we skip the chat ping but still bump
+     * the epoch (defensive — any straggler write inside the in-flight {@code .part} stream
+     * will detect the bump and self-clean) and drop indexes.
+     */
+    public static void wipeOnShutdown() {
+        CACHE_EPOCH.incrementAndGet();
+        READY.clear();
+        IN_FLIGHT.clear();
+        int deleted = 0;
+        int failed  = 0;
+        try {
+            Path dir = cacheDir();
+            if (dir != null && Files.isDirectory(dir)) {
+                try (var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)) {
+                    for (Path p : stream) {
+                        try {
+                            if (Files.isRegularFile(p) && Files.deleteIfExists(p)) deleted++;
+                        } catch (Throwable t) {
+                            failed++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            VideoPlayerMod.LOG.warn("[{}] wipeOnShutdown failed: {}",
+                VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, t.toString());
+        }
+        VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] wipeOnShutdown: deleted={} failed={}",
+            VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, deleted, failed);
+    }
+
     /** Caller-supplied: current set of URLs that are fully cached, for diagnostics. */
     public static Set<String> readyUrls() {
         return new HashSet<>(READY.keySet());
@@ -193,25 +267,70 @@ public final class VideoCache {
 
     // -- internals -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    private static void download(String url) {
+    /**
+     * Publish {@code path} into {@link #READY} for {@code url}, but only if the cache
+     * epoch hasn't moved since {@code startEpoch} was captured. Wraps the
+     * pre-check / put / post-check / rollback dance so every publish site uses the
+     * same race-free pattern instead of re-implementing it.
+     *
+     * <p>Race coverage: if {@link #clearAll()} runs at any point between the
+     * pre-check and the post-check, the post-check sees the epoch bump and we
+     * roll back — {@link Map#remove(Object, Object)} is a compareAndRemove so we
+     * don't clobber a legitimate concurrent put under the same key, and we delete
+     * the on-disk file because clearAll's directory scan may have missed it (the
+     * file may not have existed yet when clearAll ran).
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the entry is now published; {@code false} if the
+     *         caller's work was cancelled and {@code path} has been cleaned up.
+     */
+    private static boolean publishIfNotCancelled(String url, Path path, long startEpoch) {
+        // If the wipe ran between download's pre-move epoch check and Files.move, its
+        // directory scan won't have seen this just-promoted file. We must delete it here,
+        // not just bail — otherwise the freshly-moved final file leaks across shutdown.
+        if (CACHE_EPOCH.get() != startEpoch) {
+            try { Files.deleteIfExists(path); } catch (Throwable ignored) {}
+            return false;
+        }
+        READY.put(url, path);
+        if (CACHE_EPOCH.get() != startEpoch) {
+            READY.remove(url, path);
+            try { Files.deleteIfExists(path); } catch (Throwable ignored) {}
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static void download(String url, long startEpoch) {
         Path cacheDir = cacheDir();
+        Path partPath = null;
         try {
             if (cacheDir == null) {
                 VideoPlayerMod.LOG.warn("[{}] preload: no game dir, skipping {}",
                     VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url);
                 return;
             }
+            // Pre-flight cancellation check — if clearAll already ran between submit and now,
+            // skip the whole thing. Avoids creating directories / .part files post-clear.
+            if (CACHE_EPOCH.get() != startEpoch) {
+                VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] preload: cancelled before start (clearAll ran) — {}",
+                    VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url);
+                return;
+            }
             Files.createDirectories(cacheDir);
 
             String hash = sha256(url);
             String ext  = extensionFromUrl(url);
             Path finalPath = cacheDir.resolve(hash + ext);
-            Path partPath  = cacheDir.resolve(hash + ext + ".part");
+            partPath  = cacheDir.resolve(hash + ext + ".part");
 
             // Resume-friendly: if the file's already on disk from an earlier session, just
             // index it without re-downloading.
             if (Files.exists(finalPath) && Files.size(finalPath) > 0) {
-                READY.put(url, finalPath);
+                if (!publishIfNotCancelled(url, finalPath, startEpoch)) {
+                    VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] preload: reindex cancelled (clearAll ran) — {}",
+                        VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url);
+                    return;
+                }
                 VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] preload: indexed existing cache {} -> {}",
                     VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url, finalPath.getFileName());
                 notifyChat("[videopreload] 기존 캐시 사용: " + url, ChatFormatting.GREEN);
@@ -250,21 +369,30 @@ public final class VideoCache {
             }
 
             long total = 0;
+            boolean cancelled = false;
             try (InputStream in = raw.getInputStream();
                  OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(partPath)) {
                 byte[] buf = new byte[64 * 1024];
                 int n;
                 while ((n = in.read(buf)) >= 0) {
+                    // Cancellation check inside the loop. Break (not return) so the try-with
+                    // closes the output stream first — on Windows, deleting an open .part can
+                    // fail with AccessDeniedException, so we always close before deleting.
+                    if (CACHE_EPOCH.get() != startEpoch) {
+                        cancelled = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
                     total += n;
                     if (total > MAX_BYTES) {
                         long capMb = MAX_BYTES / (1024 * 1024);
                         VideoPlayerMod.LOG.warn(
                             "[{}] preload: {} exceeded per-video {} MB cap; aborting",
                             VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url, capMb);
-                        try { Files.deleteIfExists(partPath); } catch (Throwable ignored) {}
+                        // Same close-before-delete dance for Windows.
+                        cancelled = true;
                         notifyChat("[videopreload] 실패 (단일 영상 " + capMb + "MB 초과): " + url,
                             ChatFormatting.RED);
-                        return;
+                        break;
                     }
                     if (existingCacheBytes + total > MAX_CACHE_BYTES) {
                         long capMb = MAX_CACHE_BYTES / (1024 * 1024);
@@ -272,18 +400,42 @@ public final class VideoCache {
                         VideoPlayerMod.LOG.warn(
                             "[{}] preload: total-cache cap exceeded ({}>{} MB); aborting {}",
                             VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, usedMb, capMb, url);
-                        try { Files.deleteIfExists(partPath); } catch (Throwable ignored) {}
+                        cancelled = true;
                         notifyChat("[videopreload] 실패 (전체 캐시 " + capMb + "MB 초과): " + url,
                             ChatFormatting.RED);
-                        return;
+                        break;
                     }
                     out.write(buf, 0, n);
                 }
             }
+            // Now the .part file is closed — safe to delete on Windows.
+            if (cancelled) {
+                try { Files.deleteIfExists(partPath); } catch (Throwable ignored) {}
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Pre-move cancellation check. If clearAll ran during the read loop, abort
+            // before promoting .part to final — saves a wasted move + delete.
+            if (CACHE_EPOCH.get() != startEpoch) {
+                VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] preload: cancelled before move (clearAll ran) — {}",
+                    VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url);
+                try { Files.deleteIfExists(partPath); } catch (Throwable ignored) {}
+                return;
+            }
 
             Files.move(partPath, finalPath, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING,
                 StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE);
-            READY.put(url, finalPath);
+
+            // Race-safe publish: this covers the window between Files.move and READY.put
+            // (clearAll deletes the freshly-moved file then we resurrect it in READY) AND
+            // the window between READY.put and the "완료" notification (clearAll wipes
+            // READY then we re-publish + emit stale completion chat). publishIfNotCancelled
+            // rolls back both READY and the on-disk file if the epoch moved at any time.
+            if (!publishIfNotCancelled(url, finalPath, startEpoch)) {
+                VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] preload: cancelled at publish (clearAll ran) — {}",
+                    VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url);
+                return;
+            }
             VideoPlayerMod.LOG.info("[{}] preload: cached {} ({} bytes) -> {}",
                 VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url, total, finalPath.getFileName());
             long mb = Math.max(1, total / (1024 * 1024));
@@ -293,6 +445,10 @@ public final class VideoCache {
                 VideoPlayerMod.MOD_ID, url, t.toString());
             notifyChat("[videopreload] 실패 (" + t.getClass().getSimpleName() + "): " + url,
                 ChatFormatting.RED);
+            // Best-effort cleanup of any leftover .part on the error path.
+            if (partPath != null) {
+                try { Files.deleteIfExists(partPath); } catch (Throwable ignored) {}
+            }
         } finally {
             IN_FLIGHT.remove(url);
         }

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/client/render/VideoAnchorRenderer.java

@@ -31,8 +31,19 @@ import org.joml.Matrix4f;
 @Environment(EnvType.CLIENT)
 public class VideoAnchorRenderer implements BlockEntityRenderer<VideoAnchorBlockEntity, VideoAnchorRenderer.State> {
 
-    /** Tiny outward offset so the quad doesn't z-fight with the wall. */
-    private static final float SURFACE_EPSILON = 0.001F;
+    /**
+     * Outward offset so the quad doesn't z-fight with the wall it sits on.
+     *
+     * <p>Depth-buffer precision drops with the square of view distance: with near=0.05 and
+     * 24-bit depth, the smallest resolvable step at 30 blocks is ~1mm, and ~12mm at 100
+     * blocks. The old 0.001 (1mm) offset was right at the precision boundary at ~30 blocks
+     * — which is exactly the distance users started seeing the wall texture flicker through
+     * the video panel once {@code render_distance_blocks} was raised past the default.
+     *
+     * <p>2cm gives ~20× margin at 30 blocks and is still visually unnoticeable up close
+     * (~3% of a block thickness).
+     */
+    private static final float SURFACE_EPSILON = 0.02F;
 
     public VideoAnchorRenderer(BlockEntityRendererProvider.Context ctx) {
         // no-op
@@ -75,7 +86,12 @@ public class VideoAnchorRenderer implements BlockEntityRenderer<VideoAnchorBlock
         pose.translate(-0.5F, -0.5F, -0.5F + SURFACE_EPSILON);
 
         final Matrix4f mat = new Matrix4f(pose.last().pose());
-        RenderType rt = RenderTypes.entityCutout(tex);
+        // entitySolid (not entityCutout): video frames come from swscale → AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA with
+        // alpha hard-set to 255, so there is no alpha-tested cutout. Cutout's alpha-discard step
+        // adds nothing here and makes distant sampling unstable — without mipmaps on a dynamic
+        // texture, neighbouring texels can shimmer above/below the discard threshold at sub-pixel
+        // sampling rates, contributing to the flicker users see once render distance is raised.
+        RenderType rt = RenderTypes.entitySolid(tex);
         collector.submitCustomGeometry(pose, rt, (poseUnused, vc) -> {
             // Single-sided: the back of the anchor is by design pressed against the wall the
             // player clicked, so a back face is pure GPU waste. Halves the fragment shader work

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/command/CommandPermissions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.ejclaw.videoplayer.command;
+
+import net.minecraft.commands.CommandSourceStack;
+import net.minecraft.server.permissions.Permissions;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.player.Player;
+
+/**
+ * Shared {@code .requires(...)} predicate for all {@code /video*} commands.
+ *
+ * <p>Semantics:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li><b>Player source</b> — must be OP (permission level ≥ 2, via
+ *       {@link Permissions#COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER}). Non-OP players don't even see the command
+ *       in tab-completion.</li>
+ *   <li><b>Non-player source</b> — server console, command block, and datapack
+ *       {@code /function} are always allowed regardless of any permission level
+ *       or gamerule. This means admins don't need to bump {@code functionPermissionLevel}
+ *       just to drive {@code /videoPlace} etc. from a datapack function.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The bypass for non-player sources is safe because reaching one of those execution
+ * contexts already requires server-operator trust:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>Console — physical/admin access to the server.</li>
+ *   <li>Command block — placing one requires OP + {@code /gamerule sendCommandFeedback}
+ *       privileges, and {@code /execute as} preserves the underlying source's permissions
+ *       (so a non-OP player can't smuggle commands through one).</li>
+ *   <li>Datapack function — installed by the server admin.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public final class CommandPermissions {
+    private CommandPermissions() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} when the source is allowed to run a {@code /video*} command.
+     *
+     * <p>Player → OP only. Anything else → always allowed.
+     */
+    public static boolean opOrServer(CommandSourceStack s) {
+        if (s.getEntity() instanceof Player) {
+            return s.permissions().hasPermission(Permissions.COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/command/VideoCacheCommand.java

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import net.minecraft.network.chat.MutableComponent;
 import net.minecraft.network.chat.Style;
 import net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
-import net.minecraft.server.permissions.Permissions;
 
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -32,8 +31,9 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * <br>{@code /videocache remove <name>} — drop the entry from server config and tell every client
  * to delete the matching cache file.
  *
- * <p>Replaces the old {@code /videopreload}. Same permission gate
- * ({@link Permissions#COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER}) so command blocks can drive it.
+ * <p>Replaces the old {@code /videopreload}. Permission gate via
+ * {@link CommandPermissions#opOrServer(CommandSourceStack)} so command blocks and datapack
+ * functions can drive it without touching {@code functionPermissionLevel}.
  */
 public final class VideoCacheCommand {
     private VideoCacheCommand() {}
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public final class VideoCacheCommand {
 
     private static LiteralArgumentBuilder<CommandSourceStack> build(String root) {
         return Commands.literal(root)
-            .requires(s -> s.permissions().hasPermission(Permissions.COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER))
+            .requires(CommandPermissions::opOrServer)
             .then(Commands.literal("add")
                 .then(Commands.argument("name", StringArgumentType.word())
                     .then(Commands.argument("url", StringArgumentType.greedyString())

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/command/VideoDeleteCommand.java

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import net.minecraft.commands.arguments.coordinates.BlockPosArgument;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.network.chat.Component;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
-import net.minecraft.server.permissions.Permissions;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Blocks;
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ public final class VideoDeleteCommand {
     private static com.mojang.brigadier.builder.LiteralArgumentBuilder<CommandSourceStack>
     build(String name) {
         return Commands.literal(name)
-            .requires(s -> s.permissions().hasPermission(Permissions.COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER))
+            .requires(CommandPermissions::opOrServer)
             .then(Commands.argument("pos", BlockPosArgument.blockPos())
                 .executes(VideoDeleteCommand::run));
     }

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/command/VideoMuteCommand.java

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.network.chat.Component;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
-import net.minecraft.server.permissions.Permissions;
 
 /** SPEC §4.5.1 — {@code /videoMute <pos> <on|off>} */
 public final class VideoMuteCommand {
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ public final class VideoMuteCommand {
     private static com.mojang.brigadier.builder.LiteralArgumentBuilder<CommandSourceStack>
     build(String name) {
         return Commands.literal(name)
-            .requires(s -> s.permissions().hasPermission(Permissions.COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER))
+            .requires(CommandPermissions::opOrServer)
             .then(Commands.argument("pos", BlockPosArgument.blockPos())
                 .then(Commands.argument("state", StringArgumentType.word())
                     .executes(VideoMuteCommand::run)));

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/command/VideoPlaceCommand.java

@@ -19,13 +19,32 @@ import net.minecraft.nbt.CompoundTag;
 import net.minecraft.network.chat.Component;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
-import net.minecraft.server.permissions.Permissions;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Block;
 
-/** SPEC §4.5.1 — {@code /videoPlace <pos> <facing> <width> <height> <url>} */
+/**
+ * SPEC §4.5.1 — {@code /videoPlace} has two accepted forms:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li><b>Legacy 5-arg</b>: {@code /videoPlace <pos> <facing> <width> <height> <url>}
+ *       — preserved for existing command blocks. Volume defaults to 50% and muted=false.
+ *       The {@code url} here is a single-token string so it doesn't swallow the {@code volume}
+ *       slot of the new form.</li>
+ *   <li><b>New 6-arg</b>: {@code /videoPlace <pos> <facing> <width> <height> <volume> <url>}
+ *       — {@code volume} is 0..100 (percent) or {@code -1} to start muted. The percent form
+ *       mirrors the GUI slider; {@code -1} is a CLI shortcut so admins don't need a follow-up
+ *       {@code /videoMute} step. {@code url} is greedy here, so URLs containing spaces (rare
+ *       but possible after URL-decoding) still work.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>Brigadier disambiguates the two by the type of the 5th argument: integer → new form,
+ * non-integer token → legacy form.
+ */
 public final class VideoPlaceCommand {
     private VideoPlaceCommand() {}
 
+    /** Default volume (percent) applied to the legacy 5-arg form. */
+    private static final int DEFAULT_VOLUME_PCT = 50;
+
     public static void register(CommandDispatcher<CommandSourceStack> dispatcher) {
         dispatcher.register(build("videoPlace"));
     }
@@ -33,17 +52,38 @@ public final class VideoPlaceCommand {
     private static com.mojang.brigadier.builder.LiteralArgumentBuilder<CommandSourceStack>
     build(String name) {
         return Commands.literal(name)
-            .requires(s -> s.permissions().hasPermission(Permissions.COMMANDS_GAMEMASTER))
+            .requires(CommandPermissions::opOrServer)
             .then(Commands.argument("pos", BlockPosArgument.blockPos())
                 .then(Commands.argument("facing", StringArgumentType.word())
                     .then(Commands.argument("width", IntegerArgumentType.integer(1, 32))
                         .then(Commands.argument("height", IntegerArgumentType.integer(1, 32))
-                            .then(Commands.argument("url", StringArgumentType.greedyString())
-                                .executes(VideoPlaceCommand::run))))));
+                            // New form: volume (int) + greedy url
+                            .then(Commands.argument("volume", IntegerArgumentType.integer(-1, 100))
+                                .then(Commands.argument("url", StringArgumentType.greedyString())
+                                    .executes(ctx -> runNew(ctx))))
+                            // Legacy form: single-token url, no volume slot. Single-token string
+                            // is intentional so "<int> https://..." cannot be parsed as a legacy
+                            // url that happens to start with a number — Brigadier first tries the
+                            // new branch and only falls through here if "volume" isn't an int.
+                            .then(Commands.argument("url", StringArgumentType.string())
+                                .executes(ctx -> runLegacy(ctx)))))));
     }
 
-    private static int run(com.mojang.brigadier.context.CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> ctx)
+    private static int runNew(com.mojang.brigadier.context.CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> ctx)
             throws CommandSyntaxException {
+        int volumeArg = IntegerArgumentType.getInteger(ctx, "volume");
+        String url = StringArgumentType.getString(ctx, "url");
+        return runWithValues(ctx, volumeArg, url);
+    }
+
+    private static int runLegacy(com.mojang.brigadier.context.CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> ctx)
+            throws CommandSyntaxException {
+        String url = StringArgumentType.getString(ctx, "url");
+        return runWithValues(ctx, DEFAULT_VOLUME_PCT, url);
+    }
+
+    private static int runWithValues(com.mojang.brigadier.context.CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> ctx,
+                                     int volumeArg, String rawUrl) throws CommandSyntaxException {
         CommandSourceStack src = ctx.getSource();
         ServerLevel level = src.getLevel();
         BlockPos pos = BlockPosArgument.getLoadedBlockPos(ctx, "pos");
@@ -54,7 +94,12 @@ public final class VideoPlaceCommand {
         }
         int width  = IntegerArgumentType.getInteger(ctx, "width");
         int height = IntegerArgumentType.getInteger(ctx, "height");
-        String raw = StringArgumentType.getString(ctx, "url").trim();
+        // -1 is the CLI mute shortcut; the BE keeps the underlying volume so an admin can
+        // /videoMute false later without re-typing a level. Anything 0..100 sets %-volume and
+        // clears mute.
+        boolean placeMuted = volumeArg < 0;
+        float placeVolume = placeMuted ? 0.5F : (volumeArg / 100.0F);
+        String raw = rawUrl == null ? "" : rawUrl.trim();
         // Accept either an http(s) URL or a /videoCache add <name> entry: resolveUrlOrName()
         // returns the canonical URL in both cases, or null when a non-URL string didn't match
         // any named entry.
@@ -75,6 +120,8 @@ public final class VideoPlaceCommand {
         be.setWidth(width);
         be.setHeight(height);
         be.setUrl(url);
+        be.setVolume(placeVolume);
+        be.setMuted(placeMuted);
 
         CompoundTag nbt = be.toNbt();
         for (ServerPlayer p : PlayerLookup.tracking(level, pos)) {

src/main/java/com/ejclaw/videoplayer/command/VideoStickCommand.java

@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ public final class VideoStickCommand {
     private VideoStickCommand() {}
 
     public static void register(CommandDispatcher<CommandSourceStack> dispatcher) {
+        // 플레이어는 OP(level 2+) 만, 콘솔/커맨드블럭/함수(/function) 는 무조건 통과.
+        // 따라서 functionPermissionLevel 같은 gamerule 을 만질 필요가 없다.
+        // 일반 플레이어(level 0) 는 탭 자동완성에도 안 떠야 정상.
         dispatcher.register(Commands.literal("videoStick")
+            .requires(CommandPermissions::opOrServer)
             .executes(ctx -> run(ctx.getSource())));
     }